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HISTORY

Elias Sarkis: Syrian forces settle in for the long haul

In political circles, Lebanon is often referred to as a country ever permeable to external influence, where embassies and consulates hold sway. While this clichéd assertion may allow local stakeholders to shirk their responsibilities, it also reflects the ascendancy of external powers in major Lebanese elections, especially those for president.

Since 1943, no president can claim to have been elected without a regional and international green light. Over the decades, several foreign powers have had a say in choosing the Lebanese head of state, be it the United Kingdom, France, Syria, Iran, Egypt or the United States.

Once elected, a Lebanese president’s mandate may also depend on regional factors. This story is one of power games, diplomatic interference and precarious geopolitical balancing acts, which L’Orient-Le Jour aims to tell in a 13-part series.

This seventh installment of our series tells how Elias Sarkis’ term of office witnessed the sustained entry of Assad’s Syria in Lebanon.

Elias Sarkis: Syrian forces settle in for the long haul

President Elias Sarkis with his Syrian counterpart Hafez al-Assad. (Credit: OLJ archives)

In the last months of Sleiman Frangieh’s term of office (1970-76), Lebanon was awash with military developments. In view of the presidential elections scheduled for that year, those involved in the negotiations were looking for a consensus figure capable of “managing the crisis.”Frangieh remained in his post until the last day of his term, in September. But, exceptionally, the election of his successor Elias Sarkis did not take place a month earlier, as was customary, but rather several months earlier, in May 1976.The election occurred as negotiations were taking place between Arab states and Americans on the international level, in a context marked by growing pressure. Syrian troops were preparing to enter Lebanon, first to prevent a Palestinian military victory and then to consolidate the influence of the Hafez al-Assad regime in its...
In the last months of Sleiman Frangieh’s term of office (1970-76), Lebanon was awash with military developments. In view of the presidential elections scheduled for that year, those involved in the negotiations were looking for a consensus figure capable of “managing the crisis.”Frangieh remained in his post until the last day of his term, in September. But, exceptionally, the election of his successor Elias Sarkis did not take place a month earlier, as was customary, but rather several months earlier, in May 1976.The election occurred as negotiations were taking place between Arab states and Americans on the international level, in a context marked by growing pressure. Syrian troops were preparing to enter Lebanon, first to prevent a Palestinian military victory and then to consolidate the influence of the Hafez al-Assad regime in...