Mahmoud Khalil, a Columbia University graduate and pro-Palestine activist, stands with others announcing a federal lawsuit to be filed against Columbia University for showing "deliberate indifference" to the harassment of pro-Palestinian students during a press conference outside the university gates in New York City, U.S., Sept. 14, 2026. (Credit: Shannon Stapleton/File Photo/Reuters)
Columbia University graduate Mahmoud Khalil on Monday asked the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn a ruling that opened the door for President Donald Trump's administration to re-arrest and deport the Palestinian activist.
Khalil's lawyers asked the justices to take up his case after the Philadelphia-based 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that federal immigration law barred a lower-court judge from ordering his release from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody.
Khalil was among the most prominent foreign students to be arrested last year as the Trump administration pursued a campaign to detain and deport non-citizens who engaged in pro-Palestinian activism on college campuses.
His lawyers say the Supreme Court should make clear immigration law does not prevent non-citizens from pursuing cases arguing they have been detained to punish them for speech that is protected by the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment.
"If the Trump administration can punish someone for their pro-Palestine speech, this or any future administration can punish anyone for any speech," Khalil told reporters on Monday.
If the 3rd Circuit's decision is allowed to stand, Khalil faces the prospect of arrest and deportation, after the Board of Immigration Appeals in April rejected his challenge to an immigration judge's order that he be removed to Algeria or Syria.
A lower court order barring him from being re-detained remains in place for now until the Supreme Court rules. A separate appeal of the immigration judge's order remains pending.
A spokesperson for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which oversees ICE, in a statement said the Trump administration acted within its authority in Khalil's case, and it encouraged him to self-deport.
Khalil's background and arrest
Khalil, a prominent figure in pro-Palestinian protests against Israel's war in Gaza, is an Algerian citizen who was born in a Palestinian refugee camp in Syria.
Immigration agents arrested him in March 2025 in the lobby of his university residence in Manhattan despite his being a lawful permanent resident, or green-card holder. His wife and their 1-year-old son are both U.S. citizens.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio had invoked an obscure provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act to deem Khalil removable, claiming that his involvement in protests against Israel's genocide in Gaza fostered a "hostile environment" for Jewish students on the Columbia University campus.
He was released from a Louisiana detention center in June 2025 after the New Jersey-based U.S. District Judge Michael Farbiarz, an appointee of former President Joe Biden, ordered the Department of Homeland Security to release him.
In January, a 2-1 panel of the 3rd Circuit overturned Farbiarz's decision, saying that under the Immigration and Nationality Act, Khalil's claims could not be addressed through a district court and instead could be raised in an appeal of a removal order from an immigration judge.
After the full appeals court declined to reconsider the case, Khalil turned to the Supreme Court.
Federal appeals courts are split on whether district judges may hear challenges like Khalil's or whether such claims must proceed first through immigration courts, which are not part of the federal judiciary but are instead run by the U.S. Department of Justice.
The Trump administration last month asked the Supreme Court to overturn a ruling in a similar case favoring Georgetown University scholar Badar Khan Suri, another pro-Palestine advocate detained by ICE who was ordered released.
